ABSTRACT
The prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium among 3,456 diarrheic patients corrected from May 2004 to May 2005 in the Philippines was determined. Of 133 (3.8%) positive samples, 69 (2.0%) were positive for Giardia and 67 (1.9%) for Cryptosporidium. Three samples had co-infection with Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Luzon had the highest positive samples (5.0%) followed by Mindanao (4.9%), then Visayas (2.2%). Giardia was most prevalent in Mindanao (3.6%) while Cryptosporidium was most prevalent in Luzon (3.1%). The prevalence of Giardia (2.0%) among pediatric patients (0-18 years) did not significantly differ from that (1.9%) among adults (> 18 years old). However, for Cryptosporidium, the prevalence (2.9%) among pediatric patients was significantly higher compared to that (0.2%) among adult patients. In the pediatric population, the highest percentage of patients with Giardia was the 5-9 year old age group, while that of Cryptosporidium was in the 0-4 year old group. The prevalence of Giardia, but not Cryptosporidium, was significantly higher in male than female adults. Seasonality had a distinct peak in September with Cryptosporidium more prevalent in the rainy (2.6%) than dry season (0.9%).
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Female , Giardia/isolation & purification , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Philippines/epidemiology , Prevalence , Seasons , Sex Distribution , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown a high prevalence of OSA among the middle-aged group, the male gender and among the obese population. The last two years has likewise shown that OSA is a risk factor for hypertensionOBJECTIVE:To determine the association of age, gender, obesity and hypertension with OSA among Filipino OSA patientsMATERIALS AND METHODS:Cross-sectional study from previous records of polysomnography at St. Lukes Medical Center. Chi-square test of association analysis was performed with the level of significance set at 0.05.RESULTS: A significant association between age, male gender, obesity and OSA is observed (p value: 0.001). This study showed that hypertension is prevalent among OSA patients (41.3 percent) than those without OSA (33.3 percent), however no statistical significance is noted (p value: 0.132).CONCLUSION: The male gender, middle-age group and obesity are strongly associated with OSA in Filipino patients.